Siregar, Risa (2026) Impacts of achieving plastic packaging waste recycling targets on GHG leakage and reduction across EU countries. Master thesis, Sustainable Entrepreneurship (SE).
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Abstract
Under Regulation 2025/40, the European Union (EU) intends to improve resource efficiency and reduce GHG emissions from the packaging sector by raising the recycling target to 55% in 2030. This regulation allows the target to be achieved not only through domestic recycling industries but also by sending plastic packaging waste for recycling in other countries. While facilitating compliance, this may lead to uneven GHG leakage, with GHG reductions achieved at the expense of increases elsewhere. This study, therefore, assesses the impacts of meeting the recycling target on both GHG leakage and reduction. Using Agent-based modeling (ABM), this study simulates the achievement of the recycling target across 27 EU countries to further estimate its GHG leakage and reduction. This study projects that most countries will increase their GHG leakage. However, this is offset by reductions in major waste-producing countries, resulting in an overall reduction in GHG leakage both within and outside the EU. GHG reductions are observed in most countries, including countries that send and receive GHGs, due to the integration of closed- and open-loop recycling. The policy recommendations may include more targeted financial support for domestic recycling industries and enhanced country collaboration to alleviate recycling burdens in specific countries.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master) |
|---|---|
| Name supervisor: | Cardoso Chrispim, M. and Ruzzenenti, F. |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jun 2026 09:45 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2026 09:45 |
| URI: | https://campus-fryslan.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/861 |
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